Jews
Jews (from the Hebrew: יְהוּדִי, the proportion of the name Judah, of the sons of Jacob) are the sons of the people, national religious [4] [5] [6] are characterized by the followers of the Jewish religion, or culture and heritage stemming from this religion. Modern Jews consider themselves descendants of the people of the kingdom of Judah, who were attributed to four of the tribes of Israel, twelve: Judah, Semaoune, Benjamin and Levi, separated after the Babylonian captivity to the Jews and to the Samaritans. Religion undergone many developments throughout history, especially after the collapse of the kingdom of Judah and the destruction of the Second Temple in the first century.
Since the second century Jews take deployed in parts of the world where no information on the Jewish communities in many countries throughout history, since the mid-20th century concentrated the Jews in Israel and North America with the presence of the smaller communities in Europe, South America and Iran.
The origin of the term "Jew" and how it is used in the Old Testament did not know, but from religious sources, especially from the books of the Bible, and suggest these sources to be the origin of the nickname "Jew" in the name Judah the son of Jacob and originally called the sons of the tribe, who came out of him, then fired on the population of the kingdom of Judah which was founded by the sons of the tribe with the sons of some of the smaller tribes, who live next to it.
In archaeological documentation remember this kingdom as the "House of David" in relation to the King David dynasty (the prophet David in Islam). In the Books of Kings (18.26) mention the name of a "Jewish" as the name of dialect spoken in the city of Jerusalem, since the Babylonian captivity became Jew title refers to both came out of the kingdom of Judah continued to follow her religion and traditions (for example, in the Book of Esther).
The modern Jewish law, which has evolved since the second century are regarded as both a Jewish mother was born a Jew, and this account for unimpaired identity of the father or the way of life followed by human.
As well as it can be to a non-Jew to convert to Judaism, but skeptics do not encourage rabbis to convert to Judaism. It defies some Jews and secular reformers definition of "Who is a Jew" according to Jewish law and suggest alternative definitions such as: the parents of a Jew or a Jew considers himself a pure heart, as well as there are attempts to facilitate the process of Judaism and reduce the demands of those who want to convert to Judaism.
After the founding of the State of Israel in 1948 became the definition of "Who is a Jew" issue sharp as the state announced its goal to collect Jews from all over the world, and enacted it is the right of every Jew to resettle in Israel. According to the settlement list, and set forth in the Israeli Law of Return, Jew is a person born to a Jewish mother or converted to Judaism, but if you follow our last involuntarily, while a pair of Jewish, his children, boys spouses, grandchildren and spouses grandchildren and becoming the rights set forth in the "Law of Return" if They did not consider Judea, (and does not matter if the Jewish attributed to them had died). Israeli law also recognizes all types of Judaism, including Judaism reform rules by which it argues rabbis Altfezon.
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